My Understanding of Parents-Children Relationship Essay

During the past twenty years of my life, I was always regarding my parents as extraordinary and authoritative models of my life. I adored them so much as if everything they had done was not only right but also great. As for my parents, they paid much attention to setting a good example for me since I was a little girl. The situation lasts and I have never thought of any possible changes in the relationship between my parents and me. However, after reading the passage Predictable Crises of Adulthood written by Gail Sheehy, my old understanding of parents-children relationship is replaced by a totally new one —- nothing remains unchanged forever and the parents-children relationship is no exception. Actually, there are changes in my relationship although I did not detect them before reading the passage. As I mentioned above, my parents were regarded as the models of my life and this impression was established firmly from my early childhood, influencing me greatly during the past years. In my eyes, they were so preeminent that they could have everything done well. In fact, they were intent on setting an example to me by building up such kind of holy and authoritative image in my mind. However, as I was growing up, I gradually found that my parents were not the God. It was impossible for them to control everything in life and sometimes they were confronted with difficulties. In the recent years, with the broadening of my horizons, I gain my own beliefs, some of which are quite differently from that of my parents. I find that they are no long as holy and remote as they used to be. Now my parents and I am sharing a more equal relationship. On the one hand, they respect my opinions, treating me as an adult. On the other hand, I would like to consult with them whenever I am confronted with difficulties. Therefore, the relationship between my parents and me has changed. They are no long holy and authoritative, but amiable and friendly. They are more like my friends rather than parents. In the next decade when I become a mother, my relationship with parents will be likely to get into a new stage. My parents are such good models of my life that I firmly believe that they are excellent and extraordinary parents. As a result, it is quite possible for me to develop similar parenting pattern. Also, my parents will certainly offer me suggestions whenever I am confused. The role of my parents in the  relationship changes again. At this stage, they will become my model in terms of parenting. At the last stage of their life, parents may become too old to take good care of themselves. Thus, special care for them will be needed, which will wholly shift the relationship between my parents and me. There exists an interesting phenomenon: the senior tend to become more childlike when they are getting older and older, while their children, who are at the best stage in their life, become the reliance of their parents. Thus, the roles of my parents and I will exchange as the process of life. I, in return, will take care of my old parents just as they took care of me years ago. The relationship will go to the opposite side of the one in the earlier stage of life. Except for the love between parents and children, nothing remains unchanged forever. The relationship between parents and children changes as the stage of life processes. These changes are inevitable, just as the life cycle goes on. We should accept the changes positively and face them bravely. Only by adopting the right relationship at the right stage can one lives a better life with the relationship between parents and children.

South Africa During and After Apartheid

South Africa is a land blessed with natural resources including fertile lands, metals and mineral resources such as platinum, gold and diamonds. The climate is mild which is ideal for land activities.The richness and potential of this country attracted Dutch and English in the seventeenth century. South Africa has one of the unique histories in the world. It is evident how colonial racism emanated from Europe. The whites invested power and politics which is still manifested today.In the seventeenth century, South Africa was colonized by English and Dutch. Boers and Afrikaners were the English domination of the Dutch descendants. The discovery of diamond and other mineral resources in 1900 motivated the English invasion as a result of Boer War. Racial discrimination in Africa started with the enactment of Apartheid laws in 1948.Apartheid was invented when an uneasy power- sharing between the Boers and Afrikaners held sway until 1940’s. Since Afrikaner National Party was able to gain strong majority, they established Apartheid as a means to reinforce their control over the social and economic system. Initially, the objective of the apartheid was to maintain white domination and leadership while extending racial separation (Chokshi, Carter, Gupta, Martin and Robert, 1995).The term Apartheid is from the African word for â€Å"apartness† was actually coined in the 1930’s and later used as a political slogan of the National party. The social and political custom of Apartheid was materialized under law after the primarily Afrikaner Nationalists came to power in 1948 (â€Å"Apartheid†).When Apartheid was institutionalized, racial discrimination started. Apartheid, as racism made law, consisted of numerous laws that denied basic human rights and political rights for black people. They were obviously exploited and their lives were segregated with the white people.People of mixed race like Asians and Coloureds were also exploited and terrorize.    It was a system dictated in the minutest detail as to how and where the large black majority would work, live and dies (â€Å"Human Rights, Historical images of Apartheid in South Africa†).The ultimate goal of Apartheid was to establish â€Å"racial separation legally† and to maintain the guarantee of white authority. The restrictions formulated by the Apartheid laws and effects placed the black people in the difficulties regarding land issues, living areas, jobs, personal relationship, political rights, constitutional and human rights.The Group Acts of 1950 divided the lands in which blacks and whites resided into distinct residential zones. The best urban, agricultural and industrial areas were expectedly given to whites while blacks were given only some distinct areas in South Africa. Blacks were not allowed to live and occupy areas that were named as â€Å"white zones†.Even marriage and relationships were so extensive and encompassing for blacks. It is illegal and against the law to marry a person of different race. Couples and families were strictly required by law to obtain state permission before they could live together and authorities had given any right to refuse such permission.Every black South African has their own passbook issued by the government that will determine where they could live and work which they have to carry every now and then.   In terms of Education, the Bantu Education Act of 1953 was instituted to provide black pupils with different way of learning than white students. Black students were given different orientation, expectations and future goalsWorks Cited:Chokshi, Monal., Carter, Cale., Gupta, Deepak., Martin, Tove and Robert Allen. 1995 â€Å"The history of Apartheid in South Africa†. Stanford Universityhttp://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~cale/cs201/apartheid.ethics.html  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Africa-Apartheid†Africana, The Encyclopedia of the African and African American   Experience.http://www .africanaencyclopedia.com/selections.htmlâ€Å"Human Rigths, Historical images of Apartheid in South Africa†. United Nations 2008 http://www.un.org/  Spindle, Tim., Shafer, Rachel., Joliff, Kevin.,Henderson., Sarah.,Bradford, Stephanie   and David Weigman.†Laws and Effects of Apartheid†http://home.snu.edu/~dwilliam/f97projects/apartheid/Document5.htmlâ€Å"Apartheid, South Africa†.Wander the Planethttp://www.wandertheplanet.net/SouthAfrica/apartheid.htm

British Colonialism In Daniel Defoes Roxanna English Literature Essay

British Colonialism In Daniel Defoes Roxanna English Literature Essay Max Weber in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism claims that Capitalism â€Å"educates and selects the economic subjects it needs through a process of survival of the fittest† (Weber 154). Weber believes that there is a direct link between institutions and individual characters. In other words, one can say that Capitalism would not survive without economic men and also economic men could not maintain their social place without Capitalism. In the following the researcher tries to show that at least certain men and women, were swayed by the logic of Capitalism’s productive possibilities. Defoe was intensely interested in capitalist modes of production, efficiency and improvements and in the exploitation and expansion of new markets along imperialist lines that would favor English trading interests. Defoe was also interested in the politics of his time and in the social issues. Defoe was a mature product of the cultural process initiated by Capitalism. In ot her words he is a master over circumstances, over nature. He has the confidence, despite his mediocre birth, to comment on the social, political, and economic affairs of his day. In turn, Roxana was a woman, who, despite her reverses and her own mediocre birth, could entertain princes and kings. In the beginning of this emerging capitalist interest, and with the thirst of reform, Defoe was able to synchronize in his own life Capitalism’s vision of a new social order, of commerce’s role and change. All his novels are rich in content and context. Roxana has been called by modern critics Defoe’s darkest novel. Many critics have claimed that the greatest difference between Defoe’ last novel and his earlier works is Roxana’s greater gravity. Many critics described it as a novel whose primary concern is with the psychological nature of Roxana and Amy’s sin. Roxana has most often been appraised as a story of moral decay, in which the heroine progre sses from â€Å"virtuous poverty to corrupt wealth.† Roxana has also been criticized as a woman with a cynical attachment toward those who love her and whose rational self-interest places her as the embodiment of Defoe’s vision of a corrupt society. Roxana is a heroine who rushes toward material comfort and self transformation at the price of her soul. Roxana’s internal world of memory and guilt concerning her various sexual partners, the death of her daughter Susan at the hands of Amy, and the like, becomes the price Roxana pays for the control she assumes in external world of financial and sexual interests. In this aspect, two factors about Roxana should be emphasized: the nature of Roxana as a new economic woman caught between profit and spirituality and the issues of empire and slavery which were not only important in the fictional life of Roxana, but also in Defoe’s life. Considering the above mentioned remarks, some examples are traceable in the nov el. For instance, when Roxana discusses the dangers of marrying a foolish husband her remarks repeat one of Defoe’s favorite maxims about the nature of commerce, while also underlining the context of commerce’s international nature: â€Å"I was a Warning for all the Ladies of Europe, against marrying of Fools; a Man of Sence falls in the world, and gets-up again, and a Woman has some Chance for herself; but with a FOOL! Once fall, and ever undone; once in a Ditch, and die in the Ditch; once poor, and sure to starve† (ibid 96).

App that Rates Fitness Apps Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

App that Rates Fitness Apps - Dissertation Example Methodology The process will begin by a feasibility study of the requirements to carry out the process of developing the application. It includes designing specifications of the application, coming up with the right platform and language. The website and links that will be integrated with the app evaluated and collected. The app will be a collection center for all other fitness app by giving rates according to likes and dislikes. The algorithm for incrementing and rating the app will be designed. Upon gathering all the materials, tools and specifications, the coding process will be started. Artificial intelligence ideas concerning app likes and rating will be made an inherent feature in the design. System will be significantly tested and maintained routinely. Stability will be checked against time, varying platforms and processor speeds. A fully developed system will be rolled out and launched into the market. Literature Review There are many applications and websites that use the same concept to make recommendations to their customers. The concept regarded here is a ranking system that makes content and collaborative predictions (Gedikli, 2013). An example is Goodreads. It is a huge site for readers and makes suggestions to its readers based on what they had done previously. The proposed application will borrow a lot from the way these applications were implemented. Smart Phones are always with among humans thus it can be monitored for progress and advance in the course of action.

The Changing Geography of International Business Essay

The Changing Geography of International Business - Essay Example The political, technological and economic changes lead towards cultural diversities in the 21st century all around the world. The main objective of the paper is to consider the most significant characteristics of four regions namely Latin America, China, Russia and Africa that have shaped the business environment and that outsiders need to be aware of when initiating a new enterprise or while establishing operation there. The two significant characteristics that have been chosen for the study are culture and language, and politics. Culture and Language of Latin America The word ‘Latin America’ is used to explain the collection of 21 countries in the continent of South America. The language that is spoken is Latin. It has been observed that Latin America enjoys components of historical experience, culture and language. Latin America is an ethnically diverse region and is also deemed as a mounting political and economic force. The main languages that are spoken in this con tinent are Spanish, Portuguese and French (Teegan & Doh, 2002). Conventionally, the Hispanic family is a cohesive group and the most vital social unit. They generally believe in extended family. It has been observed that in Latin cultures, the familial group is quite crucial. In a few of the Latin American countries, peasants might leave their workplaces during holidays so that they can meet their relatives in other parts of the country. They also tend to attend the funeral, weddings of their friends, or distant relatives. A manager may be faced with greater difficulties related to non-attendance impacting the workplace to a major extent (Martinez-Calimano, 2006). According to a study conducted by Geert Hofstede for Latin American countries, it was noted that there is high power distance in Latin America. In Latin America, the people in higher level of authority expect to gain respect from others and are familiar to make decisions without taking into consideration the viewpoints of their subordinates. Latin America has low individualism rate. In Latin America gender roles become quite different in comparison to the United States, men hold the greater authority. There is high uncertainty avoidance in Latin America (Geert Hofstede, 2012). Politics of Latin America Latin America enjoys neither total-socialism nor free-market neoliberalism. The region has been ranked as the third most unbalanced region in the world in the context of post-war period. Political unsteadiness has been one of the most persistent issues in Latin America. It has been noted that from the year 1971-2000, three nations belonging to Latin America were consistently democratic within the thirty year phase, while the other countries have changed from democracy to autocracy and vice versa at least once during the time period. It can be analysed that such political instability tends to obstruct the economic development via its impact upon the accrual of both physical and human capital (Blanco & G rier, 2000). Culture and Language of China China has a prolonged history of cultural competence. China is considered as globe’s oldest civilisation among the culture that subsists today. The Chinese have been capable of preserving the old values still today. It is identified that when the Chinese entrepreneurs are operating their

Personal Creativity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Personal Creativity - Essay Example It is creativity that gives meaning to our lives and it is during the process of creation that we feel life in its highest, most enjoyable form i.e. we feel happy and fulfilled at not only being connected to the highest being of the universe but also being able to benefit the existing universe as a result. But what exactly is Creativity? Is it found in a special class of human beings or is it a quality we all posses? Some definitions of ‘creativity’ explain that the idea behind the term is the conceiving of a new idea.’ â€Å"The word creativity is a noun naming a phenomenon in which a person communicates a new concept (which is the product). Mental activity (or mental process) is implicit in the definition.† (Rhodes, n.d.). ‘Creativity involves being imaginative, going beyond the obvious, being aware of one’s own unconventionality, being original in some way.† (Craft, 2000) â€Å"Creativity is the act of turning new and imaginative ideas into reality. Creativity involves two processes: thinking, then producing.† (Naiman, 2011) Contrary to common belief, we are all involved in various acts of creativity without realizing it. Without creativity, not only would our lives be empty, it may even be a continuous downward spiral as life needs creative input. At every step of our lives we have to do something new to change for the better. It can be as simple as trying out a new route to work in order to create a shortcut and save time. Or taking the risk of adding an extra ingredient to enhance the taste of something you’re cooking. Creativity is not accepting things just as they are, but in order to improve them, striving for new ideas. Thus creativity is present in all of us at some level and it comes to use when there is some problem to be solved. According to Nomura Institute of Japan, we are presently living in the era of Creativity, where constant innovation is required for us to be able to survive (Naiman, 2011). This statement proves itself as we take a look around and see how the economy and the com petitiveness surrounded by it have resulted in a need for change in all fields of work. Followed by the Agricultural, the Industrial and then the Informational age (Naiman, 2011), the age of Creativity looks for the New and the most Efficient. In this age anything, even a light bulb that produces less than it is given as an input, will be thrown out of the race and only the fittest will survive. Therefore every field of knowledge has increased pressure on research to keep up, and thus we see a faster pace of development. Along with the quantity we also have much better quality. With economic and environmental sustainability in mind, more responsible technology, education, designs and services are produced in all areas of life. In spite of what I’ve said about the everyday nature of creativity, when it comes to the working environment, where there is competition, not everyone stands at the same level. There are the original genius’s who seem to make everything work in w ays so simple they surprise us. Then there are others who have followed every rule, have stuck to routines that ensure maximum productive time and yet they’re work, although detailed and complete fails to bring to attention anything new, thus lacks creativity. This can be very commonly observed in creative fields such as art and design of which I am a part and have worked through various types of creative processes. People who are more creative in nature than others usually have a certain type of personality i.e. they have certain traits that distinguish them from others. The first

The Anthropology of Latin America and the Caribbean weekly Reflection Assignment

The Anthropology of Latin America and the Caribbean weekly Reflection - Assignment Example Mestizos in the Latin society gain their identity from their hard work and economic success while Mestizaje refers to those that are indigenous. Metrizos build racial discrimination to the African-origin people regardless of them gaining the originality from industrialization. Indigenous and black movements seek to minimize the politics of difference by sensitizing minimum native identification and equitable distribution of resources. (Sanabria Harry, 2007) On gender and sexuality, the Latin American women for a long time have been considered inferior in allocation of labor activities and distribution of resources for economic growth. High rates of illiteracy gaps between the male and female gender has been associated with the minimum number of females who are educated. Since colonialism, the Latin American gender parity has reduced and enabled more women get education and training. Gender in the Latin society is faced with a new identity that is considered a third sex in the society. This is neither man nor woman, transgender. The anatomic difference between proto-men and proto-women are not systematically cognized. (Sanabria Harry, 2007)To them sexual identity is less important in defining a person’s interpersonal bonds and self identity or recognition in the society. Heterosexuality and homosexuality is disregarded and the society does not teach any sexual disparity to the younger generation. Feminism has promoted empowerment of women in the general aspects to men. Women through their movements have been able to maintain their homesteads as single mothers who have been oppressed by masculine domination and left to fend for themselves. Behavioral experiences, drugs and gangs in the Latin American society degrade the fatherhood ability of the male gender leaving women to be the responsible homestead keepers. (Sanabria Harry, 2007)Gender violence is an issue that will require

Examine the relationship between content and form in any of the texts, Essay

Examine the relationship between content and form in any of the texts, photographs, or portfolios in the section - Essay Example The individual insight with a subjective value is inevitable. For instance, on the first photo we may observe people against the background of Leaning Tower of Pisa. They make a picture of memorable moment in their life and stay in famous position showing a person who preserves a Tower. For some people it is just a tourist who made a funny picture, for others it is a close friend who visits a historical place of interest. As for the person who is in the photo is it some other connotation with a special meaning. The second photo represents the tourist group in front of the Temple of Athena. Still, the foreground of the picture involves a person who makes the photo of this people. It may be the tourist from this group, or a guide of the excursion or even a random tripper with no relation to this exact group. A man is a form while the variety of contents is different to any possible viewer. The second important thing is the origin and types of occurred meanings that appear in the process of perception and interpretation of creation. The question of origin is coherent and logical. It depends from the observer and predetermines by his/her social, cultural, intellectual and other competencies (Durant and Fabb, 142). What is more, every person attains individual perception that is fully subjective. It is clear that people who visit historical places what are in the pictures will acquire rather sundry connotations than those who dream to make a vacation in these places. As for the types of meaning it is rather controversial. Recent research investigations divide this huge variety of connotations on two basic kinds. Peirce identifies coded and non-coded relationships between form and content (Durant and Fabb, 142). Still, these types may mix, and one connotation may contract both types or interchange it according to some

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Discussion - Essay Example The activist was introduced to the ideas of black supremacy and the need to fight for equality when he was in prison and when he became a member of the Nation of Islam (Hamlet 199). Malcolm X believed that African Americans were prior as they were original people who inhabited the world and, hence, they were superior to whites. Importantly, he also stressed that black people could not live in the USA and there could be no integration. The activist emphasized that African Americans had to establish their state in Africa and, meanwhile, they could live in the USA but they had to be completely separated from whites. Importantly, Malcolm X often supported violent acts and he believed that black people could win the fight using force only. On the contrary, Martin Luther King never supported the idea of using violence. He was a Baptist minister and Christian values had a great impact on his worldview. Notably, Kind admitted that it was possible to use force when defending oneself. However, he never believed that violence could be used to achieve equality in the USA (Goudsouzian 167). King stressed that only nonviolent struggle could help African Americans obtain equal rights. The Baptist minister often referred to Jesus’ sermons in his speeches. He also advocated full integration of the US society and he believed that blacks and whites could and had to live and work together to develop the American society. Martin Luther King encouraged people of different races and backgrounds to join the struggle for real equality in the USA. He believed that all people were equal and they had to enjoy equal rights. His speeches inspired many Americans and the society started becoming more integrated. It is clear that the two approaches were very different and it can be difficult to identify the most effective one. King’s views and his fight can be regarded as more influential as it led to significant changes in the

The Security Council Essay Example for Free

The Security Council Essay The Security Council of the United Nations was one of the original bodies of the UN formed with the United Nations charter in 1945. The Security Council was created to put all the superpowers of the world on equal footing, giving each one vote in binding resolutions for the member nations of the UN. The charter members with permanent seats on the council are the United States, France, Great Britain (the United Kingdom), Russia and China. In 1945, these nations were considered the most powerful on Earth and were charged with keeping the peace of the world. In addition to the five permanent seats, the Security Council is comprised of 10 other member nations elected by popular vote of the entire UN and serving two-year terms. Each member nation of the Security Council has equal power in theory, though in practice some deference is given to the permanent members. The Security Council can pass binding resolutions on the other member nations, but each council member can veto any resolution. As such, the Security Council rarely can form a consensus, though it often discusses major issues around the world. Often, the only time a consensus is reached is when the matter is so trivial or involves such a small country that it has no friends on the council. Though the council was set up to have inherent checks and balances, it has often become a staging ground for popularity contests and member nations have neglected the world’s best interests in favor of the more proprietary interests of their nation. This is how programs like the United Nations’ Oil for Food program have become corrupted by individual nationalism and greed. Furthermore, on the rare occasions when the Security Council can agree and pass a binding resolution, it has limited enforcement powers and often the only punishment for breaking a resolution is a verbal slap from the council. Some member nations, particularly the United States, have lead coalition forces on occasion to enforce UN resolutions, but these military actions often are disapproved by many member nations and the Security Council itself rarely votes in favor of military action. The end result is that the United Nations provides an interesting forum for smaller countries to air grievances and for all countries to point out flaws in their neighbors, but as a governing body, the United Nations and the Security Council has no teeth. It becomes like a restrictive parent who tries to tell a child what to do, but fails to enforce its own rules. In the end, no one respects the rule of the United Nations and might still makes right. Smaller countries object to the permanent members of the council and their might, both military and economic, but they also turn to those countries when they are the ones being oppressed. In short, the United Nations and the Security Council format need to be revisited and the UN must be given some enforcement power to assure that its resolutions are kept. Otherwise, it is a useless home of debate that is ignored and laughed at.

Learning Management Systems (LMS) in Universities

Learning Management Systems (LMS) in Universities Abstract Learning Management Systems (LMSs) are the typically adopted technology and they provide a significant tool in supporting blended learning in universities. Therefore, these systems are being explored from various aspects. Educational technologists conclude that every university or even departments within the same university differ in its experience in adopting these systems. Department of Industrial Management, University of Kelania is adopting the LMS portal for supporting blended learning. This university administration raises considerable attention in assessing the actual extent of staff and student adoption of the LMS. In this regard this paper presents data collected from the surveyed 100 students at the Department of Industrial Management, university of Kelaniya regarding their LMS adoption. Keywords: Introduction The significance to the advancements of web-based technologies is the development of powerful software systems, known as learning management systems (LMS), have become a widely-used technology and a key instrument in supporting e-learning in higher educational institutions. As LMS offers numerous benefits to individuals and institutions, many universities have deployed some form of LMS. Students can access course materials independent of time and location. Significantly, it opens up fresh potentials for initiating academic innovations where students function as dynamic, control their own learning, develop critical thinking and become collaborative participants. In addition, LMS provides an automated mechanism for teachers in the management of online courses, allowing them to create, add, modify, customize, and reuse digital content and learning objects and tracking learner progress. Blended learning is defined as a combination (blend) of e-learning and face to face classroom learning environments (Graham,2006; Wu and Hwang, 2010; Murshitha S.M and Wickramarachchi A.P.R, 2015) Recently, blending learning has been increasing in higher education, as students are involved in collaborative learning and interaction with instructors and classmates (Wu et al., 2010). Almost all universities in Sri Lanka have developed their own LMS portal for the use of their own lecturers and students. The administrators of Sri Lankan universities are keen on assessing the actual status of faculty and students usage of the LMS as the acquisition or construction of such a system and its annual cost of operation are significant. Investigating and assessing the usage of LMS within a department and especially between different departments and universities is essential for its continuous use. The objective of this study is to investigate the status (extent of use) of LMS adoption in blended learning at university level. This research will be interested to both researcher and university community, as it will significantly contribute and improve the body of knowledge in the context of LMS adoption. Literature Review All learning management systems are not the same; they can be adopted in different ways. Different tools such as activity tools (Lesson, HTML page, Glossary, Assignments, Quiz, Choice, Database, Workshop, Wiki, Chat and Forum etc.), blocks (People, Calendar, Online Users, Latest News, Upcoming Events, Search, etc.) and filters (associated components to the activity tools and the blocks) are integrated in a single system which offers all necessary tools to run and manage an e-learning course. All learning activities and materials in a course are organized and managed by and within the system. Significant dedication in universities using an LMS is how to evaluate the actual extent of LMS usage by the staff and student. While the trends are towards more student centric learning tools, the research done has shown that yet the teaching staff is the key driver of an LMS usage. The need for a reliable guide of the extent of LMS usage becomes apparent when one considers the complexity of assessing to what extent an LMS is actually used within an university. In this direction, range of aspects of LMS adoption, implementation, support, and usage have been the subject of numerous studies (McQuiggan, C. A. 2007). Lane determined that the manner of LMS usage was largely shaped by the nature of the product as introduced to faculty [14]. Kincannon earlier studied the reaction of faculty to use of a C/LMS and determined that faculty expressed dissatisfaction at the time demands imposed by using it [13]. Amrein-Beardsley, et. al [4], Allen and Seamans for the Sloan Consortium [2], the Georgia Vista Implementation Enterprise Wide study [25], Harrington [12] and Morgan [19] all attempted to gain insight into C/LMS usage via student or instructor-supplied data, and to assess the level of faculty adoption of C/LMS via the use of surveys, determining that 96% of the largest institutions of higher learning were, as of 2006, using C/LMS to support online learning in addition to in-class courses. Vonderwell, et. al [26], Cramer, et. al [9], Mandinach [15], Tobin [23], Shiratuddin [22], and Bork [8] attempted to evolve methods for the assessment of student performance, or propose reasoned suggestions for the improvement of performance, when C/LMS software was involved in the process of education. Yet a glaring omission exists in the empirical measurement of the actual extent of usage of C/LMS by faculty derived from the databases supporting a given C/LMS, that is, regularly measuring the extent of faculty usage of the C/LMS as evidenced by the contents of the database supporting it, making it possible to detect and respond to trends. The lack of adequate means of assessing C/LMS usage has prompted some researchers to propose the application of data warehousing technology to the problem of providing a base of readily accessible faculty and student C/LMS usage data. Van Dyk and Conradie [24] proposed such an approach in 2007 in support of action research, defined by ZuberSkerrit as a critical enquiry by academics themselves into their own teaching practice, into problems of student learning and into curriculum problems[30]. The prototype data warehouse they proposed was intended to be used directly by instructors who were interested in studying the relationship between learning styles as defined and measured using the Felder index of learning styles [11] and student interaction with the C/LMS, and potentially conducting other similar ad hoc studies. Their prototype data warehouse was formed according to established dimensional techniques and In order to assess the usage and extent of use of LMS this research adopted Janossys, J (2008) assessment method that make it possible to assess usage between units of a university and between universities, drove the development and proposal outlined in detail in Figure 2.2 , which depicts a model for the derivation of a simple metric expressed as a number from 0 through 13. Figure 2. 2 Janossys LMS Usage Level and Metric Values       The formation of this model proceeds from the definition of five overall levels of possible C/LMS use. These five levels span the continuum from no use of the C/LMS by an instructor through a level which exceeds the capabilities of most C/LMS systems using the technology currently available to many institutions (Janossy,J., 2008). The Figure 2.3 provides greater detail concerning the functional usage represented by each metric value, proceeding from the lowest value through the highest: Figure 2. 3 A Level-Model for Assessing The LMS Usage among Staff and students Level 0 refers to no LMS usage. Thus, the lecturer does not create a course in LMS or does not activate student access to the LMS for the students in the course if a course is automatically created in the LMS. Level 1, refers to the very basic usage of the system only for uploading lesson content by the teaching staff and downloading lesson content or submitting assignments by the students. Level 2, refers to the usage of communication tool in an LMS. It includes the usage of modules such as email, discussion forum or chat. Level 3, refers to the usage of the testing tool (quizzes, pool or survey). For instance, students can take some quizzes and tests online, with some scores provided immediately possibly with feedback answers for incorrect items and similar. Level 4, is defined with a view to the current technological developments which require to share knowledge and to treat users as co-developers. Currently this was achieved by adding a blog module on the system but in the future there might be other modules to enrich this level of LMS usage. It is interesting to note that one could draw a parallel between the levels of this model and the theories of learning. In fact, the lowest levels of the LMS usage actually correspond to the more teacher centered approach which is typical for a basic level of learning and behaviorism. As we go upper in the level spectrum of LMS usage actually we move towards constructivism and social constructivism and end up in Level 4 which promotes building knowledge through sharing experiences and co-developing which on the other hand are some of the main principles of connectivism. Assessment of the LMS adoption in learning process. A total of 100 questionnaires are distributed and all of them are returned and usable. Table 1 summarizes the demographic profile and descriptive statistics of the respondents. Item Frequency Percentage Gender Male Female 38 62 38 62 Age or Level 20-22 (Level 2) 23-25 (Level 3) 48 52 48 52 PC ownership Yes No 84 16 84 16 Laptop ownership Yes No 94 06 94 06 Often of LMS use Regular Just-to download 30 70 30 70 Table 1: Demographic profile and descriptive statistics of surveyed students This section describes the answer for the research question, thus how is the status of LMS adoption in learning process? In doing so, descriptive profiles for each of the adoption variables are explored. Table 4.59 exhibits the descriptive profile of the five LMS adoption tools i.e. downloading lesson, chat, discussion forum, e-mail and assessment. Table 4. 59 Descriptive Profile of LMS Adoption Tools The conceptualization of students LMS adoption consists of five LMS tools namely, downloading lesson content, chat, discussion forum, e-mail and assessment. However based on the analyzed data only two LMS tools i.e. downloading lesson content and assessment were prominently adopted by students at Department of Industrial Management, University of Kelaniya. Downloading lesson content relates to the utilization of LMS for downloading notes that are uploaded by their lecturers. In this instance, lecturers impose the students to use this tool by uploading their lesson contents. In fact, findings of this study revealed that students downloading lesson contents was the highest in terms of mean compared to other LMS tools. Since being a student, one is always subject to lecturers decision. Hence, by uploading lesson content lecturers insist or impose students to use this tool and students without any questions must abide and adhere. Moreover, findings from lecturers questionnaire also indicted that all most all lecturers use this tool to upload their lesson content. Chat denotes to the utilization of LMS for the purpose of pedagogical chatting via LMS and students are being monitored by the administrator. Hence, they use this tool only for the above purpose. Findings of this study showed that chat tool recorded the lowest mean. There would be two reasons behind this lowest mean. The first reason is, normally students are being more interested and constantly engaged in chatting other than pedagogical one and use chatting tools such as facebook, twitter, skype, whatsup, viber, tango etc. The second reason is, a very few lecturers use this chatting tool as evident by lecturers questionnaire and they do not insist or impose the students to use this tool as they insist the students to download the lesson content. Discussion forum, relates to the utilization of LMS for the purpose of discussing on a certain topic with their peers and lecturers to enhance the critical thinking, analytical skills and exchange of their knowledge. Findings of this study showed that the tool of discussion forum also recorded lower mean. There would be two reasons behind this. The first reason is, as the respondents are the internal students, they have enough time for discussing face to face. The second reason is, according to the data derived from lecturers questionnaire only 25% of lectures use this discussion forum. Hence, students also do not give preference to this tool as their lecturers. E-mail denotes the adoption of LMS for communication purposes. This is also same as the previous two tools. Thus students use other mail accounts in yahoo, gmail for their e-mailing purpose. Assessment tool relates to the utilization of LMS for the purpose of assessing students through various sub assessment tools such as quizzes, short answers, multiple choice, essay questions etc. Results revealed second scoring for assessment tool in adopting LMS. This is because; students are being imposed by their lecturers to adopt this tool, as they are imposed by lecturers to download lesson contents. Findings from lecturers questionnaire indicted that 80% of lecturers use the assessment tool to assess their students. From the above discussion it is obvious that, subjective norm has a strong predictive power in determining individuals behavior. Thus, subjective norm in the form of lecturers acceptance and use of technology were found to influence students acceptance and use of the same. Thus if lecturers use or adopt LMS, students also believe it as important to them and they also imitate their lecturers and vice versa. Research Methods This study is descriptive in nature and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. The questionnaire was divided into three sections. References Graham, C.R. (2006) Chapter 1: Blended Learning System: Definition, Current Trends, Future Directions in Bonk, C. J. and C.R. Graham (eds.) Handbook of Blended Learning, San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. McQuiggan, C. A. (2007). The role of faculty development in online teachings potential to question teaching beliefs and assumptions. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 10(3). Lane, L. M. (2007). Course Management Systems and Pedagogy. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://lisahistory.net/pages/CMSandPedagogy.htm Wu, W. C, Hwang, L. Y.(2010) The Effectiveness of e-Learning for Blended Courses in Colleges International Journal of Electronic Business Management, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp.312-322 (2010)

Being Pregnant Essay -- Original Writing Personal Narrative

Being Pregnant Through out my teenage years I always had it made. I had security, support of my family, and other things. When I turned 16 I had found out something that would change my life forever, I was pregnant. As a teenager I was anorexic, therefore meaning I had a problem with getting fat. If I had gained just a little bit of weight I went on a crash diet (eating nothing at all for a period of time) till I lost the weight I had gained. For a period of time I had went through a spell of doing nothing but eating. My mom had started to ask questions, and I had told her everything was ok; I was just going through one of my eating spells. My uncle had accidentally dropped me on a cement block therefore resulting in hurting my tailbone. So for the rest of my life my tailbone would freeze up where I could not move or just hurt all the time. The moral of this part is when I was 16 my tailbone had frozen up and my mom and brother had taken me to the hospital. I would have never known this would be a turning point in my life. The doctor took x-rays to find out what was wrong and later sent us home telling us he would call us if anything abnormal showed up. Later on that day we were all just watching television then the phone rang. Little did I know what he was about to tell me would result in the actions I had to take. I answered the phone and it was the doctor. He had proceeded to tell me the x-rays were fine except one thing, and the words he had told me put me ... Being Pregnant Essay -- Original Writing Personal Narrative Being Pregnant Through out my teenage years I always had it made. I had security, support of my family, and other things. When I turned 16 I had found out something that would change my life forever, I was pregnant. As a teenager I was anorexic, therefore meaning I had a problem with getting fat. If I had gained just a little bit of weight I went on a crash diet (eating nothing at all for a period of time) till I lost the weight I had gained. For a period of time I had went through a spell of doing nothing but eating. My mom had started to ask questions, and I had told her everything was ok; I was just going through one of my eating spells. My uncle had accidentally dropped me on a cement block therefore resulting in hurting my tailbone. So for the rest of my life my tailbone would freeze up where I could not move or just hurt all the time. The moral of this part is when I was 16 my tailbone had frozen up and my mom and brother had taken me to the hospital. I would have never known this would be a turning point in my life. The doctor took x-rays to find out what was wrong and later sent us home telling us he would call us if anything abnormal showed up. Later on that day we were all just watching television then the phone rang. Little did I know what he was about to tell me would result in the actions I had to take. I answered the phone and it was the doctor. He had proceeded to tell me the x-rays were fine except one thing, and the words he had told me put me ...

A New Solution to Bring Back the Smile Essay -- Customer Service McDon

A New Solution to Bring Back the Smile Robert Liney is a divorced 34-year-old lawyer with four year old, a six year old, and an eight year old. Robert lives outside of Morristown, New Jersey and commutes an hour each way to his law firm. His law firm handles corporate mergers, and on average Robert works 60 to 70 hours a week. About two years ago, Robert and his wife, Marie, got divorced because of his busy schedule. On days when Bob gets custody of the kids, he does not have a lot of time to prepare dinner. McDonald’s fits well into his budget, is conveniently located on his way home from work, provides a great atmosphere for family dining, and, to top it all off, the kids love the Happy Meals. Robert and his children visited McDonald’s five to six times a month and spent around $18 dollars each visit. However, one day Robert and his children stopped in to McDonald’s before seeing the movie, Pokemon. First, the teenage cashier made them wait while he answered his cell phone and exchanged comments with the other workers. Then the cashier did not smile and warmly greet the family. He rushed through the order, placed it incorrectly, and undercharged him. Robert was happy to notice that he was undercharged, but then was completely disappointed to notice that he was given an incorrect amount of change back to make the meal an overcharged one. Due to this poor employee service, Robert and his family never come back to McDonald’s again. Robert and his family spent around a hundred dollars each month that McDonalds will now lose. What about all the other customers that this employee dealt with? How many other customers and how much money did the franchise lose from the rudeness of employees on that ni... ...several thousand dollars per unit in which McDonald’s will regain in a short period of time. In conclusion, the quality McDonald’s customer service is dropping and a new strategy is needed to bring a smile back onto customer faces. Customers such as Robert Liney should not have to face poor customer service at such a reputable restaurant chain as McDonald’s. By using technology as the intermediate between customers and employees, this will greatly enhance customer relations and lost profits. McDonald’s is the place that loves to see you smile. Works Cited Gibson, Richard. â€Å"McDonald’s Finds Angry Customers on Its Menu.† Wall Street Journal. 16 Jul. 2001 : A14 Reh, F. John. â€Å"Good Customer Service Is No Longer Enough. †About the Human Internet. 2001. http://management.about.com/library/weekly/aa042699.html.

Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby paints the picture of the way life was in the twenties. This society has the characteristics of an egotist and one who pays no attention the character of themselves. Fitzgerald's style influences the reader to portray this era as a carefree "do what feels good" society. However, Fitzgerald introduces the countless number of tragedies that take place. Through diction, imagery, and details Fitzgerald creates a morose tone. The writer evokes the reader's feelings through particular words and their meanings. In the phrase, ". . . I began to look involuntarily out the window for other cars," the word involuntarily grabs the reader. This phrase makes the reader feel melancholy for Gatsby because it it's depressing for no one to come to the funeral. It reveals how Nick and Mr. Gatz experience anticipation. Both of them know devoutly that no one will come pay their respects to Jay Gatsby. Mainly because they wait half an hour for peo ple to show up. Also, in the phrase ". . . his eyes began to blink anxiously" the word anxiously shows Nick's dolefulness for the lack of sympathy that Gatsby fails to receive. The word procession reflects the despair and lack of friendship that Gatsby witnesses in his life. The lack of companionship that Gatsby has cogitates how lonely and despondent he is. Through the uses of certain words the author helps express feelings and emotions of the morose tone. Through imagery Fitzgerald can make the reader feel like they are in the story. Water, specifically evokes the senses. It describes how the procession of cars stopped in a thick drizzle. This depicts how gloomy it appears outside. The reader can hardly see the three cars because of continuous soaking. They describe a motor hearse as ". . . horribly black and wet." A hearse normally portrays a solemn feeling, but the words horribly, black, and wet allow the reader to feel the misery and mournfulness of death. T he ground is soggy as someone splashes through it. You can smell the wet turf and feel the saturation beneath the feet. The use of water in the story aids the reader in understanding the morose setting. Fitzgerald uses certain detailed sequences to help explain the somberness of Jay Gatsby. In the first significant sequence Nick and Mr. Gatz wait for people to show up at the funeral.

Grandma’s Treats E-Commerce Security Options Essay

There are both advantages and disadvantages to providing an overly secure environment for e-commerce. The biggest advantage is consumer and business privacy. Grandma’s Treats needs to provide a secure environment so that unauthorized users are unable to see details of the consumer’s transactions, and purchases in particular. In this way consumers using Grandma’s Treats website will know they can make multiple purchases using their stored information and retain a sense of security regarding their transactions. To ensure this privacy for the consumer, encryption software installed on the server is necessary. A further advantage to a secure environment is consumer trust. When customers decide to make a purchase using their account with a password, they can trust that the security standards of the company are up to par with other, larger organizations. This type of secure environment would work best at serving the needs of wholesale and corporate accounts. A disadvantage of providing an overly secure e-commerce environment is if the company decides to use public key infrastructure, or PKI (Brayton, Finneman, Turajski, Wiltsey, 2006). In this instance, Grandma’s Treats would only be able to transmit a small amount of information. A second disadvantage to this overly secure environment is if Grandma’s Treats requires a user to log in to view its offerings, it may be considered an annoyance and a hindrance to purchasing. A final disadvantage is that this technology tends to slow down customer service. The time required to check out the online shopping cart will necessitate verification, which will make the purchasing process longer. Should this take too long, a customer may decide to log off and leave the website without finalizing a purchase. There are also advantages and disadvantages to providing an open, insecure e-commerce environment. Some advantages of setting up an open, insecure environment are quick browsing of products, easy navigation of the website, and the inexpensive cost of implementing it. To browse through the website of Grandma’s Treats, a customer wouldn’t first have to login and use a password. Consumers will also have the option of browsing through the offered products with ease. Providing an open, insecure environment is also an inexpensive option. The company will not need any specialized hardware or software to ensure security in its e-commerce environment. There are several disadvantages of setting up an open, insecure environment as well. The threat of hackers breaking into the server, and malware infecting the site, are two disadvantages of not providing proper security (CNET News.com Staff, 2008). An experienced hacker could easily gain access to customer information, financial transactions, and any other important information stored on the server. A variety of malware could cause a major problem for Grandma’s Treats and its website with the likely outcome of a system crash or possible infection of customers’ computers. While the damage could most likely be reversed, it would take time to repair and create distrust with the company’s customers. In light of these advantages and disadvantages as discussed, it is recommended that Grandma’s Treats employs a more middle of the road option. For certain purposes, such as making a purchase online, there should be security measures in place, such as requiring a customer to create an account and log in with a password. However, there should also be a selection of â€Å"front end† pages which are easily accessible to anyone browsing products. In this way Grandma’s Treats can best serve the needs of both valued customers and casual web browsers. References Brayton, J., Finneman, A., Turajski, N., Wiltsey, S., (October 10, 2006). â€Å"What is PKI?† Retrieved March 4, 2008, from the TechTarget Website: http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci214299,00.html CNET News.com Staff (February 11, 2008). â€Å"Security Bites Podcast: Nonpersistent Web Threats†. Retrieved March 4, 2008 from the CNET News.com Website: http://www.news.com/Security-Bites-Podcast-Nonpersistent-Web-threats/2324-12640_3-6230144.html?tag=item.

Courting and wedding rituals in America and Afghanistan

Both countries use symbolic traditions in their beliefs of courting and weddings.  The fact that both Afghan women and North American wear a white dress at the wedding proves that the countries believe in a certain set of values. The color white overall is a sign of purity. For the signing of the documents and the after party of the wedding, Soraya wears a green dress, â€Å"we were seated around table, Soraya and I dressed in green-the color of Islam, but also the color of spring and new beginnings†(Hosseini 179). A green dress would show loyalty towards Afghanistan.North Americans believe it is bad luck to let the bride and groom see each other the night and day before until the wedding. The groom and bride in Afghan traditions are not to be left alone at all before the wedding, â€Å"Soraya and I never went out alone together while preparations for the proceeded-since we weren’t married yet, hadn’t even had a Shirini-khori, it was considered improper† (Hosseini 178).Afghans and North Americans both have the marrying couple in the center of attention, â€Å"A procession of uncles, aunts, and cousins followed as we made our way through the hall, parting a sea of applauding guests, blinking at flashing camaras†(Hosseini 179). Most of the time they are up on a stage while saying their vows, â€Å"I remember sitting on the sofa, set on the stage like a throne, Soraya’s hand in mine, as three hundred or so faces looked on†(Hosseini 180).The similarities between two different cultures are mostly found in the beliefs of the people and their traditional symbols.

Nutrition

Perhaps you're looking to boost your physical performance; or maybe you want to drop a few extra pounds. What if you Just want to learn how to eat healthier? When you're In need of nutrition advice, who should you turn too? A registered tattletale? A nutritionist? Who's the qualified nutritional professional? (Don't forget to look up) Throughout this presentation, Ill be discussing the terminology In the name; reasons why It should It should be regulated In Arizona, and Impact It has to the public. . This can be a confusing topic for the public.Aren't dietitians and nutritionists the name thing? NO Although often used interchangeably, â€Å"registered dietitian† is not synonymous with â€Å"nutritionist. † Nutritionist is not a professionally regulated term?there are no minimum academic or training qualifications; which means that anyone can use the title â€Å"nutritionist â€Å"and give nutrition advice, even If they have absolutely no background In nutrition In the state of Arizona . In contrast, registered tattletale Is a professionally regulated term. The registered tattletale credential Is earned by completing a minimum of a four-year nutrition degree In an American DieteticAssociation accredited program: a minimum of 1200 hours of supervised practice experience in dietetics, and the successful passage of the nationally administered board exam. In addition, the registered dietitian is required to complete 75 hours of approved continuing education credits every five years to maintain their registration. This is because as a dietitian you need to stay on top of the game, and know what's going on. However, if you're looking to work with someone always do background information, and if thieve with an accredited program that's based off science and not the latest fad. Currently some, but not all states provide licensee to nutrition professionals, Limiting the use of a particular title, such as tattletale, to those meeting certain academic and t raining requirements few states mandate that only licensed nutritional professionals can provide nutritional counseling. It seems ironic that there are licenses regulating the practice of over 100 professionals from manicurist and barber to mortician, yet, in many states anyone can call them self a nutritionist and give out nutrition advice. You should also be aware that certification is not the same as censure. Next slide with state map) Why haven't states such Eke Arizona licensed dietitians in the past? Unfortunately, the vital link between nutrition and health has only recently received the attention it deserves. In addition, science has proven that nutrition plays an important part in the prevention and treatment of many serious diseases. Dietitians are now more recognized as healthcare professionals because of their educational background and experience. This Is Indicated by the fact that since 1984, 41 states have passed laws recognizing as nutrition experts. But In Arizona, there Is no statue.If I want to call myself a nutritionist today, I can. And a major concern of unqualified nutrition misinformation. Their nutritional claims can be without scientific support, and it can lead to misinterpretation of nutrition science as whole – in a way discredit their hard work that they've put into the research. Such misinformation can be used to fuel food faddish, quackery, (Quackery is the promotion of unproven or fraudulent medical practices. ) health fraud, and can negatively impact the health and economic status of consumers. Which lead me to How has the public been harmed by Arizona not accessing dietitians.With the explosion of interest in healthy eating and nutrition, consumers have been faced with a dizzying array of products and information. The public deserves to know that the information being given by â€Å"experts† is based on science and is being given by individuals with appropriate education and experience. This is especially true o f individuals who have medical conditions, which could be adversely affected by improper nutrition counseling. Several states have documented cases of unqualified individuals giving improper nutritional advice, which has harmed patients.Unfortunately, many cases of healthcare fraud are never reported. A Congressional study on Quackery noted that state offices on aging ranked healthcare fraud (quackery) first as the area of abuse of most concern and with the greatest impact on seniors. The report also acknowledged that the great majority of cases are never reported. Misinformed consumers are placing themselves at major nutritional and health risks by not only delaying appropriate, effective healthcare but replacing it with products, procedures or behaviors that are, at best, ineffective, and at worst harmful to their health.In addition many of the products and services promoted by unqualified nutrition consultants such like in the gym setting and can expensive. And this may cause exc essive financial burden to the consumer. And again, unqualified nutrition consultants often use testimonials and unpublished or fabricated research to support their claims, while as registered dietitians use evidenced-based practice that is supported by data published in peer-reviewed scientific Journals.And that leads us to a huge concern with Nutrition â€Å"experts† thrive in the athletic arena; yet few of these self-proclaimed experts would qualify as such eased on academic training and professional practice. While few athletes would consider taking strength training or fitness advice from a dietitian, many have no problem taking nutrition advice from a strength coach, personal trainer or equally unqualified individual. BUYER BEWARE Even if the information handed isn't free, the consumer would be wise to evaluate the information: The Source ? is it from a qualified nutrition professional (I. . , registered dietitian) or one that lacks appropriate qualifications (I. E. , a nutritionist, personal trainer, strength coach, etc. ) The Content ? s it credible? You should seek to determine if the information is supported by scientific research published in peer- reviewed scientific Journals. If the answer to either or both of these questions is no, then your health and sports performance will likely take a hit. In conclusion, 1. Why should dietitians and nutritionists be licensed?Licensing of dietitians and nutritionists protects the public health by establishing minimum educational and experience criteria for those individuals who hold themselves out to be experts in food and nutrition. The state has an obligation to protect the health and safety of the public and licensing of dietitians and nutritionists is consistent with this obligation. We have the ability and responsibility to urge consumers and lawmakers to learn about the positive role nutrition plays in healthy lifestyles and in disease management and treatment.For both individuals and society, th e benefits of eating right and exercising include improved qualities of life and lower health-care costs. Your activism is extremely important to the success of our national and state agenda – and there are numerous ways to get involved. Reach out and contact our state and federal representatives: Write your legislator a letter Send your legislator a fax Send your legislator a direct e-mail Call an elected official directly And also educate others by spreading the word about important issues Like on media sources, such as faceable and twitter.Possible Questions from Short Answers – Gotten from : http://www. Deteriorate. Org/images/stories/documents/licensee/ Licensee_Full_Backgrounder_2011 . PDF 5. Would licensee prohibit anyone except dietitians from giving nutritional advice? No. Licensee would not affect anyone that simply describes the nutritional value of products nor would it affect other latherer professionals. It would, however, provide recourse for victims of unqualified and unscrupulous individuals dispensing improper advice. 6. Aren't too many professions and occupations already licensed by states?It is the obligation of state legislatures to determine which professions and occupations should be licensed. A compelling case can be made for licensee of dietitians and nutritionists as healthcare professionals. 7. Isn't licensee an attempt to monopolize the nutrition industry? No. The first obligation of registered dietitians and nutritionists is to serve the public, not sell rodents or services. Licensee is necessary because the public deserves to know which individuals have the educational background and experience to give nutritional advice.The health food and dietary supplement industry is booming, even in states that have had licensee for many years. The key issue in licensee is accountability. The monopolizing argument is a desperate attempt to obscure the real issues of licensee. 8. Will licensing reduce competition or result in cos tlier services? No. Once again, licensee is not an attempt to control any market. Licensee allows the public to now which individuals are qualified by education and experience to provide nutritional services.If unqualified individuals disseminate harmful nutrition information, licensee allows the state to take action on behalf of the public against those unqualified individuals. Competition among open and honest individuals with the publics health and safety foremost in their minds will continue to grow and the Won't licensee cost the state a lot of money? No. Fees will provide most of the revenue. Many states have approved legislation or rules to make licensee revenue neutral. Amendment ‘X, U. S. Constitution The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Notice and Declaration of 9th Amendment Rights l, the undersigned, hereby declare the following natural and God-given rights, as reserved to the people, under the 9th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America and which rights I reserve as follows: I reserve the right to seek or ask nutritional advice, counsel, information, recommendations, assessments, evaluations, tests and/or treatment(s), regimen(s), or modality(s) from the nutritionist(s) or doctor of my choice for any health reason or repose.I reserve the right to select or reject any individual(s) as my personal nutritionist(s) whether that individual be a Medical Doctor, Herbalist, Chiropractor, Health Food Store Clerk, Druggist, Nurse, Salesperson of health products, Naturopath, Naturopath, Radiologist, Colon Therapist, Priest, Pastor, Indian Medicine Man, Relative, Friend, Dietitian or anyone from the general citizenry who has, or has not, any known formal training or claimed knowledge, education, insights, or qualifications to be my nutritionist.I reserve the right to Freedom of Choice in Medicine in its most liberal construction including the right to choose my own diet; obtain, purchase and use any treatment, therapy, regimen, modality, herb, drug, food, medicine or health product for any health condition I have or may have as evaluated by myself, the doctor, nutritionist, or therapist of my choice. Citation – Dietitian vs. Nutritionist . (n. D. ). Dietitian vs. Nutritionist . Nutrition When paying close attention to my diet, it becomes obvious very quickly that I do not get enough calcium in my diet. I am slightly low in other area, such as my Vitamin A and iron, but I am drastically low in my intake of calcium. The problem is that I truly don’t like milk. I will drink chocolate milk on occasion and will eat some milk-based products including ice cream, yogurt and cheeses, but I do not eat enough of these to get my recommended daily allowance of calcium. My intake of fruits is just about right, though it can be a bit on the high side when I choose to drink juice instead of eating whole fruits. I prefer fruit juice as a method of consuming fruits largely because it is simple and quick. Grabbing a glass of juice on the way out of the house in the morning is my favorite form of breakfast. The problem is that most juices also come with more sugar and calories than the raw firm fruit. I have decided to substitute fresh fruit for my fruit juice as a way to minimize my calorie intact and increase my fiber intake. My fiber content is generally pretty good because I prefer whole grains to white grains, white rice and potatoes. Some days by intake of grains is low because I choose to eat more salads and vegetables, but on other days it can be within the normal range. On average, it is a little on the low side, but not so bad that I think I need to change it. I consume plenty of lean protein, mostly in the form of chicken, so I have not had any problems with my cholesterol or overall far intake. However, because I consume red meat rarely and do not eat enough dark green vegetables, the amount of iron I consume on a regular basis is not sufficient. I am not willing to eat liver or many other high iron foods, so I had to go searching for new options for iron intake. What I discovered were baby spinach and broccoli. I will eat baby spinach as part of a salad and broccoli is one of the few vegetables that I truly enjoy. I was happy to discover that broccoli is also high in Vitamin A, another nutrient that I did not have enough of in my diet analysis. I was happy to discover that I probably don’t need the multi-vitamin I have been taking except for the iron supplement. I might need the Vitamin A as well, but otherwise, I seem to be meeting my basic health needs for minerals and vitamins.   I think it is very important to change my iron and Vitamin A intake as both are imperative for blood health and I have recently been told that I might be borderline anemic. Since I have previously had to take iron pills and found them disgusting and nauseating, I have decided it is important to add iron to my diet in a natural manner. I have changed my lunch menu to include baby spinach salads and added broccoli to several meals per week. I have also decided to add additional red meat to my diet until my iron levels are acceptable. Vitamin A is also an antioxidant, helping to cleanse the body from cancer-causing chemicals and other contaminents. This is another advantage of adding more broccoli to my diet. Broccoli is also very high in Vitamin A which is an added bonus. These changes have worked fairly well so far and I have not noticed any real difference in my energy levels, but the doctor did say that returning my iron levels to normal would take some time.   What I have noticed is that I am enjoying my meals more. They take slightly longer to prepared, but instead of thrown together meals on the run, I am actually thinking about what I eat and when. Knowing that I am eating healthier makes me feel better about myself, regardless of whether it effects my overall energy level. In addition, I believe it means that I will eventually see the results on the scale and I know that I will see it in my next blood tests. Now that I have made these changes, my next goals are to eliminate more of the processed food from my diet, substitute whole fruits for juice, and try portion control. Generally, I have not under consumed anything except vegetables and milk and have regularly over consumes fruits, grains and even proteins, depending on the day. Some days I would have too much of one, some days another. My plan is to actually cook more of my food myself, instead of relying on drive-thrus or grab-n-go food options. By choosing fewer canned foods and more fresh fruits and vegetables, I will cut my intake of unneeded fats and sodium and retain more of the natural vitamins in the foods I eat. I have also decided that I will replace my fruit juice with whole fruit, even though fruit takes a bit more effort. Again, I will be losing unnecessary additives and retaining more of the natural nutrients of my food.   To supplement this process, I will begin actually eating breakfast rather than drinking soda or juice as my morning meal. My initial intention is to use yogurt and cheese as staples of this meal to both increase my calcium intake and to provide a good protein base for the morning meal. The third major change I intend to make in my diet is in the form of portion control. I will be subdividing large packages when I buy them as a way to keep from overeating various treats and will be measuring my grains and proteins so that I can be assured that I am eating a healthy amount of these things, not several servings at one time. I believe this will be especially useful with snack foods and cereal which are easy to not measure and eat too much of. I believe that taking these actions will ultimately lead to wait loss as I teach my body to eat the proper amounts of nutrients and the proper amount of calories, rather than letting my appetite determine what I consume. I have also begun to shop healthier, forgoing potato chips and cookies in favor of carrots and walnuts as quick snacks. I have found that within just a week of making these changes, my desire for sugary and fatty snacks began to fade and I actually wanted to eat vegetables. The one thing that has been hard to resist has been ranch dressing for dipping the carrot sticks in, but I have begun to appreciate the inherent sweetness of carrots and find myself reaching for them when I want something sweet.   They also have a satisfying crunch that I formerly got from potato and corn chips. In short, I believe my diet was not particularly bad, but it had room for tweaking and improving. Now, I know that I am getting my recommended daily nutrients without having to take a vitamin supplement and I am enjoying my food more. Previously, I had grabbed food in front of the television or while walking out the door and often did not pay attention to what I was consuming. Now, I am confident that I eat when I am hungry and I am teaching my body to appreciate more than just corn chips and soda. Nutrition Perhaps you're looking to boost your physical performance; or maybe you want to drop a few extra pounds. What if you Just want to learn how to eat healthier? When you're In need of nutrition advice, who should you turn too? A registered tattletale? A nutritionist? Who's the qualified nutritional professional? (Don't forget to look up) Throughout this presentation, Ill be discussing the terminology In the name; reasons why It should It should be regulated In Arizona, and Impact It has to the public. . This can be a confusing topic for the public.Aren't dietitians and nutritionists the name thing? NO Although often used interchangeably, â€Å"registered dietitian† is not synonymous with â€Å"nutritionist. † Nutritionist is not a professionally regulated term?there are no minimum academic or training qualifications; which means that anyone can use the title â€Å"nutritionist â€Å"and give nutrition advice, even If they have absolutely no background In nutrition In the state of Arizona . In contrast, registered tattletale Is a professionally regulated term. The registered tattletale credential Is earned by completing a minimum of a four-year nutrition degree In an American DieteticAssociation accredited program: a minimum of 1200 hours of supervised practice experience in dietetics, and the successful passage of the nationally administered board exam. In addition, the registered dietitian is required to complete 75 hours of approved continuing education credits every five years to maintain their registration. This is because as a dietitian you need to stay on top of the game, and know what's going on. However, if you're looking to work with someone always do background information, and if thieve with an accredited program that's based off science and not the latest fad. Currently some, but not all states provide licensee to nutrition professionals, Limiting the use of a particular title, such as tattletale, to those meeting certain academic and t raining requirements few states mandate that only licensed nutritional professionals can provide nutritional counseling. It seems ironic that there are licenses regulating the practice of over 100 professionals from manicurist and barber to mortician, yet, in many states anyone can call them self a nutritionist and give out nutrition advice. You should also be aware that certification is not the same as censure. Next slide with state map) Why haven't states such Eke Arizona licensed dietitians in the past? Unfortunately, the vital link between nutrition and health has only recently received the attention it deserves. In addition, science has proven that nutrition plays an important part in the prevention and treatment of many serious diseases. Dietitians are now more recognized as healthcare professionals because of their educational background and experience. This Is Indicated by the fact that since 1984, 41 states have passed laws recognizing as nutrition experts. But In Arizona, there Is no statue.If I want to call myself a nutritionist today, I can. And a major concern of unqualified nutrition misinformation. Their nutritional claims can be without scientific support, and it can lead to misinterpretation of nutrition science as whole – in a way discredit their hard work that they've put into the research. Such misinformation can be used to fuel food faddish, quackery, (Quackery is the promotion of unproven or fraudulent medical practices. ) health fraud, and can negatively impact the health and economic status of consumers. Which lead me to How has the public been harmed by Arizona not accessing dietitians.With the explosion of interest in healthy eating and nutrition, consumers have been faced with a dizzying array of products and information. The public deserves to know that the information being given by â€Å"experts† is based on science and is being given by individuals with appropriate education and experience. This is especially true o f individuals who have medical conditions, which could be adversely affected by improper nutrition counseling. Several states have documented cases of unqualified individuals giving improper nutritional advice, which has harmed patients.Unfortunately, many cases of healthcare fraud are never reported. A Congressional study on Quackery noted that state offices on aging ranked healthcare fraud (quackery) first as the area of abuse of most concern and with the greatest impact on seniors. The report also acknowledged that the great majority of cases are never reported. Misinformed consumers are placing themselves at major nutritional and health risks by not only delaying appropriate, effective healthcare but replacing it with products, procedures or behaviors that are, at best, ineffective, and at worst harmful to their health.In addition many of the products and services promoted by unqualified nutrition consultants such like in the gym setting and can expensive. And this may cause exc essive financial burden to the consumer. And again, unqualified nutrition consultants often use testimonials and unpublished or fabricated research to support their claims, while as registered dietitians use evidenced-based practice that is supported by data published in peer-reviewed scientific Journals.And that leads us to a huge concern with Nutrition â€Å"experts† thrive in the athletic arena; yet few of these self-proclaimed experts would qualify as such eased on academic training and professional practice. While few athletes would consider taking strength training or fitness advice from a dietitian, many have no problem taking nutrition advice from a strength coach, personal trainer or equally unqualified individual. BUYER BEWARE Even if the information handed isn't free, the consumer would be wise to evaluate the information: The Source ? is it from a qualified nutrition professional (I. . , registered dietitian) or one that lacks appropriate qualifications (I. E. , a nutritionist, personal trainer, strength coach, etc. ) The Content ? s it credible? You should seek to determine if the information is supported by scientific research published in peer- reviewed scientific Journals. If the answer to either or both of these questions is no, then your health and sports performance will likely take a hit. In conclusion, 1. Why should dietitians and nutritionists be licensed?Licensing of dietitians and nutritionists protects the public health by establishing minimum educational and experience criteria for those individuals who hold themselves out to be experts in food and nutrition. The state has an obligation to protect the health and safety of the public and licensing of dietitians and nutritionists is consistent with this obligation. We have the ability and responsibility to urge consumers and lawmakers to learn about the positive role nutrition plays in healthy lifestyles and in disease management and treatment.For both individuals and society, th e benefits of eating right and exercising include improved qualities of life and lower health-care costs. Your activism is extremely important to the success of our national and state agenda – and there are numerous ways to get involved. Reach out and contact our state and federal representatives: Write your legislator a letter Send your legislator a fax Send your legislator a direct e-mail Call an elected official directly And also educate others by spreading the word about important issues Like on media sources, such as faceable and twitter.Possible Questions from Short Answers – Gotten from : http://www. Deteriorate. Org/images/stories/documents/licensee/ Licensee_Full_Backgrounder_2011 . PDF 5. Would licensee prohibit anyone except dietitians from giving nutritional advice? No. Licensee would not affect anyone that simply describes the nutritional value of products nor would it affect other latherer professionals. It would, however, provide recourse for victims of unqualified and unscrupulous individuals dispensing improper advice. 6. Aren't too many professions and occupations already licensed by states?It is the obligation of state legislatures to determine which professions and occupations should be licensed. A compelling case can be made for licensee of dietitians and nutritionists as healthcare professionals. 7. Isn't licensee an attempt to monopolize the nutrition industry? No. The first obligation of registered dietitians and nutritionists is to serve the public, not sell rodents or services. Licensee is necessary because the public deserves to know which individuals have the educational background and experience to give nutritional advice.The health food and dietary supplement industry is booming, even in states that have had licensee for many years. The key issue in licensee is accountability. The monopolizing argument is a desperate attempt to obscure the real issues of licensee. 8. Will licensing reduce competition or result in cos tlier services? No. Once again, licensee is not an attempt to control any market. Licensee allows the public to now which individuals are qualified by education and experience to provide nutritional services.If unqualified individuals disseminate harmful nutrition information, licensee allows the state to take action on behalf of the public against those unqualified individuals. Competition among open and honest individuals with the publics health and safety foremost in their minds will continue to grow and the Won't licensee cost the state a lot of money? No. Fees will provide most of the revenue. Many states have approved legislation or rules to make licensee revenue neutral. Amendment ‘X, U. S. Constitution The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Notice and Declaration of 9th Amendment Rights l, the undersigned, hereby declare the following natural and God-given rights, as reserved to the people, under the 9th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America and which rights I reserve as follows: I reserve the right to seek or ask nutritional advice, counsel, information, recommendations, assessments, evaluations, tests and/or treatment(s), regimen(s), or modality(s) from the nutritionist(s) or doctor of my choice for any health reason or repose.I reserve the right to select or reject any individual(s) as my personal nutritionist(s) whether that individual be a Medical Doctor, Herbalist, Chiropractor, Health Food Store Clerk, Druggist, Nurse, Salesperson of health products, Naturopath, Naturopath, Radiologist, Colon Therapist, Priest, Pastor, Indian Medicine Man, Relative, Friend, Dietitian or anyone from the general citizenry who has, or has not, any known formal training or claimed knowledge, education, insights, or qualifications to be my nutritionist.I reserve the right to Freedom of Choice in Medicine in its most liberal construction including the right to choose my own diet; obtain, purchase and use any treatment, therapy, regimen, modality, herb, drug, food, medicine or health product for any health condition I have or may have as evaluated by myself, the doctor, nutritionist, or therapist of my choice. Citation – Dietitian vs. Nutritionist . (n. D. ). Dietitian vs. Nutritionist .

Inadequate Disposal Of Wastewater In Mauritius Environmental Sciences Essay

It was in 1984 that Mauritius started recognizing that unequal disposal of effluent in Mauritius is going a turning menace to the belowground H2O, the surface H2O resource every bit good as to the Marine and coastal ecosystem ( United Nations 2004 ) . In 1988, the Government of Mauritius ( GOM ) , with the aid of the World Bank, prepared the National Environmental Action Plan ( NEAP ) and was endorsed by the GOM in 1990. In 1992, the sewage Master Plan was developed by the GOM based on the recommendation of the NEAP, which has for aims to suppress a sound effluent direction in the state ( United Nations 2004 ) .1.1 Why H2O is treatedAlthough nature has an astonishing ability to get by with little sums of H2O wastes and pollution, it would be overwhelmed if we did n't handle the 1000000s of gallons of effluent and sewerage produced every twenty-four hours before let go ofing it back to the environment. Wastewater intervention cut down pollutants in effluent to a flat nature can manage . The major purpose of effluent intervention is to take every bit much of the suspended solids as possible before the staying H2O, called wastewater, is discharged back to the environment. As solid stuff decays, it uses up O, which is needed by the workss and animate beings populating in the H2O. Treating effluent therefore helps us to take attention of our environment and our ain wellness. Keeping our H2O clean is an of import precedence for many grounds. ( WMA, 2010 ) 1.2 Purpose of the undertaking: – To transport out a critical rating of the wellness effects on the dwellers populating near the intervention workss in Mauritius. 1.3 Background: – Cognition about intervention works as environmental jeopardies and their wellness impacts is mostly missing in Mauritius and there have been really small study carried out internationally in this subject, therefore earlier surveies have besides been taken as mention.2.0 Literature reappraisal: –In this subdivision, the assorted surveies on wellness issues related to intervention works have been reviewed.2.1 DefinitionsThe definitions below were quoted from the Oxford dictionary eight edition. Health ( Page 543 ) : – ( 1 ) â€Å" The province of being good in organic structure or head † ( 2 ) â€Å" A individual ‘s mental or physical status † ( 3 ) â€Å" Soundness, clairvoyance. fiscal or moral ( the wellness of the state ) † ( 4 ) â€Å" a toast rummy in person ‘s honor † For this undertaking we will see merely the definition 1 and 2. Perception ( page 883 ) : – ( 1 ) â€Å" Capable of comprehending † ( 2 ) â€Å" Reasonable, spoting, observant †2.2 Types of intervention PlantsIn Mauritius there are two types of intervention workss: –( 1 ) Solid waste intervention works. ( 2 ) Wastewater intervention works.2.2.1 Solid waste intervention worksThe Ministry of Local Government and the Rodrigues Regional Assembly are responsible for solid waste direction. Solid waste aggregation is undertaken by the local governments in countries under their legal power and disposed of at the Mare Chicose landfill via a web of transportation Stationss situated at St Martin, Roche Bois, Poudre d'Or and La Brasserie. The transportation Stationss carry out compression of waste prior to their transit to the landfill site. The Mare Chicose landfill, which was originally planned to have 400 metric tons of waste day-to-day, is now having about 1000 metric tons as the Mare D'Australia landfill has non been implemented. Hence, the life span of the disposal site at Mare Chicose has dramatically been reduced from 19 old ages to 8 old ages. Green ( or garden ) waste is estimated to stand for a important portion ( every bit high as 60 per centum ) of collected waste, imparting itself really easy to composting. ( WMA 2009 )2.2.2 Wastewater intervention works.Effluent or sewerage or waste contains polluted stuffs which are suspended, dissolved or left in the environment ( Gobba 2006 ) .If the untreated sewerage is straight discharge to a watercourse, it will do terrible pollution and will show danger to public wellness. Therefore a intervention works is designed to take wastewater that is acceptable to the environment. ( Thorn et al. 2001 )Long-run aims of a intervention worksThe long-run aims of intervention undertaking are to – Prevent the spread of diseases. – Prevent the prevalence of conditions offensive to spy and smell. – Control the taint of H2O resources. – Prevent and control dirt and land H2O pollution. ( Rylander 1999 )2.4 Specific aims of a intervention worksThe specific aims of the intervention undertaking are to: – Establish a reliable intervention works that is cost effectual option to conventional mechanised intervention and disposal installations. ( WMA, 2009 ) Pull off the infective hazard inherent in effluent to run into the wastewater discharge criterions set by Mauritius Ministry of Environment and the MOH & A ; QL. ( WMA, 2009 ) Eliminate or pull off the safe disposal of sludge. ( WMA, 2009 ) Every state generates waste ; municipal, sewerage and risky waste are inevitable by merchandises of the developed and developing states ( Harrison 2003 ) . To revise how intervention works signifiers portion of the immediate environment ( Elliot et al. 2001 ) reported that 80 % of the United Kingdom population lives within 2 kilometers of a pumping station.2.5 Components of intervention workssA intervention procedure is classified into different classs: – ( 1 ) Screening chamber ( 2 ) Imhoff armored combat vehicle ( 3 ) Biological trickling filter ( 4 ) Humus armored combat vehicle ( 5 ) Sludge dry bed ( 6 ) Deposit pool ( 7 ) Leaching field. 2.5.1 Sreening Chamber: – coarse solids are prevented to come in the imhoff armored combat vehicle by the saloon screen. 2.5.2 Imhoff armored combat vehicle: – this armored combat vehicle like a infected armored combat vehicle and has combination of two procedures. Sedimentation takes topographic point in the upper part of the armored combat vehicle and accumulate sludge undergoes anaerobiotic decomposition at the underside. 2.5.3 Biological dribbling filter: – wastewater go forthing the imhoff armored combat vehicle goes into a dosing chamber and so to the biological trickling filter, which consist of extremely permeable media. Presettled wastewater from the dosing armored combat vehicle is equally distributed over the filter bed by revolving distributer and drips down through the bed. The wastewater which comes out, the latter goes to a humus armored combat vehicle. 2.5.4 Humus armored combat vehicle: – wastewater that goes to the humus armored combat vehicle and it is pumped back to the imhoff armored combat vehicle. This procedure is called re-circulation and it improves the operation of the filters. 2.5.5 Sludge drying bed: – the sludge accumulated in the imhoff armored combat vehicle is emptied on drying beds and left to opened air for drying. 2.5.6 Sedimentation pool: – the deposit pool is besides call ripening pool and its major importance in the system is to take infective beings from the wastewater. 2.5.7 Leaching field: – the intervention provided by agencies of subsurface soaking up besides known as leaching field, provides a combination of physical, biological and chemical mechanism which treat the wastewater farther. ( Hammer et al 2001 )2.6 International perceptual experience about sewerage intervention worksA public perceptual experience study on sewerage intervention workss carried out in selected countries in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur by C.P Tso, revealed several interesting and unexpected findings. The general perceptual experience forms sing smell, noise and ocular impact suggest that the sensed strength is a map of clip ( C.P Tso 1990 ) .It was noted that plagues constitute a serious nuisance to which version was non possible ( C.P Tso 1990 ) . The manner a sewerage intervention works is managed has a great influence on the perceptual experience of public ( Narain 2006 ) . A intervention works was inaccurately build in the Republic of Lebanon, where this state of affairs non merely did non do the authorities to lose a batch of money but the public sentiment was on intervention works worsened ( MEFA 2006 ) In India, the state of affairs is more helter-skelter, Delhi has already got 17 sewage intervention workss, which together add up to 40 per cent of the sum installed sewerage intervention capacity in India. But the fact is that these workss remain grossly underutilized. The metropolis does non hold drainage to convey all the body waste to the sewerage intervention workss. It is expensive to construct sewage drainage but even more expensive to keep it. Today, the majority of the metropolis is non connected to belowground drainage. It besides finds that it can ne'er mend plenty. The terminal consequence is that where there is a sewerage intervention works, there is no waste to handle. Yamuna is Delhi ‘s river ; the fact is that Delhi has already spent a immense sum on cleaning the small stretch of the Yamuna which flows through the metropolis. The grounds are the flower and bury mentality of people in Delhi ( Narain 2006 ) .2.6.2 Situation in MauritiusIn Mauritius 25 % of the pop ulation is connected to sewer pipes which goes to a pumping station by the action of gravitation and from at that place, the sewerage are pumped to interventions workss, there, the sewerage are treated and the treated H2O is used for irrigation or is safely dispose in the ocean. WMA is responsible for the sewage substructure and sewerage and intervention installations in Mauritius. 75 % of Mauritanian discharges their effluent in unfastened underside cesspools or infected armored combat vehicles. When these overflow, they hire a vacuum truck to empty them and the wastewater is brought to the intervention works. ( L'express 2009 )2.6.4 Treatment workss in MauritiusIn Mauritius there are 18 intervention workss and 36 pumping station as shown in table 1.0 in Appendix A ( beginning: WMA 2009 )2.7 Sewage disposal – A tabu topicSewage and its disposal have frequently been considered forbidden topics, peculiarly in Asiatic Countries, and therefore necessitate more than merely technology cognition to cover with them efficaciously. Perceptibly, sewerage is considered a forbidden substance because it reveals to adult male a negative side of his being that he would prefer to bury ( Faechemet et al. 1981 ) .2.8 Concern of the common people about sanitationAlthough, long ago, authors like Xoomsai ( 1988 ) and Hamsa ( 1989 ) have pointed out the deficiency of equal sanitation installations in the development states, it is now that common people have started speaking about. The populace are the most of import participants in the sewerage generation-transmission-treatment- disposal rhythm and their positions and attitudes should be considered earnestly ( Kuszmider 1997 ) . The common feeling that the populace ‘s function is merely in the coevals stage of the sewerage rhythm has to be abolished if efficient planning is to be effected. The governments may hold significantly by sing the positions and attitudes of the populace.2.9 Rules and Regulations to be followed before constructing a intervention works.In Mauritius, there are certain regulations and ordinance about edifice of a intervention works.2.9.1 Environmental Impact AssessmentFirst of wholly, an EIA study should be prepared in conformity with the Part IV of the Environmental Protection Act 2003. The undermentioned subdivisions should be considered individually:

Reviewing Company's Mission Statements Research Paper

Reviewing Company's Mission Statements - Research Paper Example It should also be the standard with which the company is willing to be evaluated. According to Bart and Tabone (1998), mission statements should be ‘enduring, passionate, and lacking in specific quantitative measurements’. However, there are circumstances when a company finds its mission statement outdated and is often misaligned with new business objectives. There are times when a company’s mission statement is no longer â€Å"relevant in addressing to new realities† (Radtke, 2009) and thus be a subject for review to â€Å"reflect changes in institutions, as well as in the environments within which the institutions are called on to function† (Bart & Tabone, 1998). This paper examines such instances when companies modify and alter their mission statements in accordance to the changes in corporate values and the business environment. The paper should further explain why corporations are spending time reviewing their mission statement and why this has become an increasing concern for the organization. Mission Statement and Its Impact The main benefit of crafting an effective mission statement is that it creates an impact to people who get exposed to it. According to Abrahams (2007), a well-crafted mission statement serves as a â€Å"practical focus for individuals within the corporation†. This means that company statements often inspire and influence certain needs and aspirations of the organization and its employees. When assimilated into the organization’s culture, mission statements become an integral part of the strategic planning process of the company (David & Pierce III, 1987). In other words, it helps company managers and employees to stay focused on the organization’s goals. However, a mission statement is not only be beneficial to people within the company but also to its target audience – customers, investors, and possibly donors. Birbaum (2004) emphasized the significant impact of a company ’s mission statement to its customers because it is what defines them. When people are presented with an organization’s statement of intent, it gives them a clear picture of what the organization is trying to do. Because of these reasons, mission statements are considered as â€Å"an actual blue print for a company’s future and ultimately, its success† (Abrahams, 2007). When the organization successfully integrates the goals and values expressed in its mission statement and acts according in accordance to its principles, then it secures its morale and strengthens its reputation as a company. On the other hand, when a company succumbs to weaknesses and failures inside and outside the organization, its morale crumbles and its reputation becomes shaky. Mission Statement and Its Limitations An organization’s mission statement is central to its business strategy. As such, it is important that company statements should be, according to Bart and Tabone (1 998), â€Å"enduring (i.e., they should not have a time frame); passionate (i.e., they should be emotionally charged); and lacking in specific quantitative measurements (i.e., financial goals)†. However, Grunig & Kuhn (2008) further extends these characteristics of mission statements into reasons why it should be flexible and dynamic. The authors argued that while a mission statement does not include a time frame for its validity, it should nevertheless remain under review